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Kacper Szkalej is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Researcher in AI and Intellectual Property Law. His academic expertise centres on protection and exploitation of information. Concentrating his activity primarily on copyright law, Kacper’s research ethos and interests are marked by a cross-disciplinary approach spanning the realm of law, technological regulation and contractual practices within digital markets, and cover a wide array of themes such as protection of and access to information and data, remuneration schemes, public interest exploitation, platform regulation, automation of decision-making, machine learning workflows and generative AI, open access, copyright enforcement and fundamental rights.

Before joining ���ϳԹ���Դ, Kacper was postdoctoral researcher in intellectual property and technology law at the , University of Amsterdam and co-ordinator of the (2023-2026). He also served as Assistant Professor in Law and Technology at the Swedish Law and Informatics Research Institute (IRI) at Stockholm University and the cross-disciplinary research center Digital Futures, where he worked with intellectual property, information security, and data protection law, and Assistant Professor in Private Law at the Centre for Business Law (ACLU) at Lund University between 2021-2023. Prior to that Kacper was Lecturer in intellectual property law at the Institute of Intellectual Property, Marketing, and Competition Law (IMK) at Uppsala University between 2013-2021 where he also defended his doctorate work in 2021. In 2022 Kacper was awarded the von Bahr’s Prize by Uppsala University for best doctorate in private law for his work (2021) that comprehensively investigates copyright protection from a user perspective, regulation by technology and contractual practices in content distribution channels, as well as copyright’s interface with human rights and consumer protection law.

With an extensive research and teaching portfolio, Kacper is regularly engaged as speaker at academic and non-academic fora and as guest lecturer in technology law at law schools throughout Sweden as well as technical schools such as the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm (KTH) or Department of Information Technology at Uppsala University. He often acts as national expert for Sweden in international comparative law projects, for instance , or , and has acted as copyright expert in several formal public consultation proceedings. Recent projects include  and the creation of a registry for public domain and openly licenced works , both carried out for the European Commission. Kacper is co-author of the accessible title on EU copyright law EU Copyright Law: Subsistence, Exploitation and Protection of Rights (2019, Kluwer Law International) and co-editor of the international comparative title Employees’ Intellectual Property Rights (2015 and 2018, Kluwer Law International). Since 2023 Kacper acts as Scientific Board Member at and since 2022 as Board Member of .

Selected activities

2025

GenAI and Creative Practices Conference, 17-18.12.2025 in Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam 

• Paper: Incentivising Creation, Not Control: A Cultural Alternative to the AI Levy

European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), EOSC Symposium 2025, Brussels 3-5.11.25

• Presentation: Knowledge valorisation and links with industry. Legal barriers and ways forward.

COMMUNIA, Review of the EU copyright Directive in the Digital Single Market, Brussels 9.10.25 (expert workshop)

Unlocking the Potential of Cultural Heritage Resources for Culturally Diverse, Unbiased AI System, 15.09.2025 in Amsterdam, IViR/Stichting Internet Archive (expert workshop)

Turning IP Ambitions into Action: Creating Connections, Collaborations, and Communities, Annual Conference of the association European Policy for Intellectual Property (EPIP). 10-12.09.2025 in Antwerpen, University of Antwerpen)

• Paper: IP as disincentive? Realising innovation my mitigating risk for knowledge institutions
• Paper (with M. Senftleben, C. Sganga, and T. Margoni  : Towards a European Research Freedom Act: A Reform Agenda for Research Exceptions in the E Copyright Acquies
• Paper (with C. Sganga, T. Margoni, and M. Senftleben): Towards a European Research Freedom Act: A Proposal for an EU-wide Secondary Publication Right

Inspiring ERA, EU Copyright Rules and Data Access Rights for Research in the Age of AI, Paris 9.07.2025

• Presentation: Enabling research in the copyright ecosystem – challenges and opportunities

European Commission, Understanding Copyright for Cultural Heritage Institutions: libraries – access and (re)use of works for distance education, research and leisure, online 02.07.2025

• Presentation: Understanding copyright – access and (re)use of works. Copyright exceptions, licences, and Open Access

European Commission, Understanding Copyright for Cultural Heritage Institutions: libraries – access and (re)use of works for distance education, research and leisure, online 24.06.2025

• Presentation: Understanding copyright for libraries. Limitations & exceptions, licences, and Secondary Publication Rights (SPR)

Exploring the Interface Between Intellectual Property and Justice: Theory and Practice in a Dynamic Reality, Annual Congress of the International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP), 22-25.06.2025 in Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen

• Paper:  Intellectual property law and justice – mitigating legal uncertainty for knowledge institutions

IP Researchers Europe Conference (IPRE) 2025, 19-20.06.2025 Geneva, World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), World Trade Organisation (WTO), University of Geneva

• Paper:  The Law of the Code: Copyright Challenges in Mining Software Repositories

American University Washington College of Law, South Centre, Global Expert Network on Copyright User Rights Symposium 2025: Principles for Progress in Digital Copyright, Geneva 16-18.06.2025

• Presentation: Mitigating Legal Uncertainty for Knowledge Institutions

Creative Commons, Engelberg Center on Innovation Law & Policy (NYU School of Law), Alexander von Humboldt Institute für Internet und Gesellschaft , From Human Content to Machine Data. Using Collective Action to Develop a New Social Contract for Machine Reuse, Berlin 23.04.2025 (expert workshop)

2024

Uppsala University, AI Act 2024: Navigating the Future of AI Regulation, Uppsala 10.12.2024

• Presentation:  Innovating in the dark. Is copyright an enabler or disabler of developing AI?

European Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), Presential Judges seminar on licensing of IP rights – issues, court practice and litigation trends, Alicante 4-5.12.2024

• Presentation 1:  Copyright licensing - overview and impact on court practice
• Presentation 2: Text and data mining exceptions and licensing

LIBER/Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Workshop with the LIBER Copyright Working Group, The Hague 20.11.2024, 22.11.2024

The Black-Box Problem in Intellectual Property, 13-14.11.2024 in Amsterdam, IViR (expert workshop)

Danish Copyright Society (DSFO), The XIX Nordic Copyright Symposium, Copenhagen 25-27.09.2024

• Presentation:  GenAI and copyright liability – is there a way forward?

NNHRR Workshop on GenAI, 19.09.2024 in Amsterdam, IViR/TILT (expert workshop)

Intellectual property and the future of the data economy, Annual Conference of the association European Policy for Intellectual Property (EPIP), 11-13.09.2024 in Pisa, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna and University of Pisa

• Paper: EU copyright law and research freedoms: an analysis based on equal treatment
• Paper: Dealing with transactional (un)certainty and value gaps in content distributions systems
• Paper (with M. Senftleben, T. Margoni, J. Poort, and E. Valk): Music metadata mainstreaming and EU law
• Paper (with T. Margoni, M. Senftleben, and C. Sganga): Copyright, data and digital legislation for research: towards a new research based regulatory paradigm

Intellectual Property, Ethical Innovation and Sustainability,  Annual Congress of the International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP), 30.06–3.07.2024 in Rome, Luiss Guido Carli University

• Paper (with T. Margoni, C. Sganga and M. Senftleben): Towards a More Sustainable Copyright and Data Legislation for Open Science

Wikimedia Sverige, Swedish Library Association, Institute for Intellectual Property and Market Law (IFIM), Stockholm University, Copyright, TDM & AI , Stockholm, 14.06.2024

• Presentation:  The paradox of lawful text and data mining? Some experiences from the research sector and where we (should) go from here

American University Washington, Global Expert Network on Copyright User Rights Symposium 2024, Washington D.C. 11-14.06.2024

• Presentation: ERA Study Improving access to and reuse of research results, publications and data for scientific purposes

Universiteiten van Nederland, What do we want (or not want) from publishers? Looking beyond the current Dutch contract with Elsevier, Utrecht 18.04.2024

• Presentation:  Academic freedom, Open Access, and copyright

Metadata mainstreaming in the music industries. Data spaces and beyond, 14.03.2024 in Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam (expert workshop)

EU Commission, Improving access to and reuse of R&I results, publications and data for scientific purposes, Brussels/ online 26.02.2024

2023

American University Washington College of Law, Right to Research Project Fall Workshops, Washington D.C. 28.09.2023

AIPPI Sweden, Upphovsättsavtal och avtalsfrihet - Om rätt till skälig ersättning och andra nya krav vid upphovsrättsöverlåtelser, Stockholm 16.06.2023

• Presentation: as title of event

AIPPI Sweden, AI och upphovsrätt, Malmö 28.03.2023

• Presentation:   Maskininlärning möter upphovsrätt. Några tankar om utveckling av AI-system och två nya upphovsrättsinskränkningar

2022

Swedish Copyright Society (SFU), Upphovsrättslig studiedag, Stockholm 28.11.2022

• Presentation: Metaverse – vad är det och vad innebär det för upphovsrätten?

Swedish Network for European Legal Studies, EU Law in the Digital Age, Uppsala, 16-17.06.2022

• Presentation: The Spectacular Fall and (Incremental) Rise of the Legitimacy of EU Copyright Law. Some  Lessons to be Drawn for Regulatory Interventions in the Era of AI

Consumer protection and IP law overlaps, WIPS6, 9-10.06.2022 in Szeged, University of Szeged

• Paper:  Exhaustion of the making available right

Selected publications

Monographs

• Szkalej K, Copyright in the Age of Access to Legal Digital Content: A study of EU copyright law in the context of consumptive use of protected content (Uppsala University 2021); ISBN 978-91-506-2895-1
• Rosenmeier M, Szkalej K, Wolk S, EU Copyright Law: Subsistence, Exploitation and Protection of Rights (Kluwer Law International 2019); ISBN 978-90-411-8369-9

Editorship

• Wolk S, Szkalej K (eds), Employees’ Intellectual Property Rights (2nd ed., Kluwer Law International 2018); ISBN 978-90-411-9230-1
• Wolk S, Szkalej K (eds), Employees’ Intellectual Property Rights (Kluwer Law International 2015); ISBN 978-90-411-5972-4

Articles

• Szkalej K, Music Recommender Systems and the Copyright Blindspot: Conceptualising the Right to Be Heard (2025), available at <>
• Sganga C, Margoni T, Senftleben M, Szkalej K, Towards a European Research Freedom Act: A Proposal for an EU-wide Secondary Publication Right (2025) International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law – IIC, available at <> or <>
• Senftleben M, Szkalej K, Sganga C, Margoni T, Towards a European Research Freedom Act: A Reform Agenda for Research Exceptions in the EU Copyright Acquis (2025) International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law – IIC, available at <>
• Szkalej K, Copyright Liability and Generative AI: What’s the Way Forward? (2025) Nordic Intellectual Property Law Review NIR 1/2025 92-115, available at <>
• Szkalej K, The Paradox of Lawful Text and Data Mining? Some Experiences From the Research Sector and Where We (Should) Go From Here (2025) Journal of European and International IP Law – GRUR Int. 74(4) 307-319, available at <>
• Szkalej K, Senftleben M, Generative AI and Creative Commons Licenses. The Application of Share Alike Obligations to Trained Models, Curated Datasets and AI Output (2024) Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law  – JIPITEC 15(3) 313-337, available at <>

• Corrales Compagnucci M, Minssen T, Nilsson N, Olsson M, Szkalej K, Non-Fungible Tokens as a Framework for Sustainable Innovation in Pharmaceutical R&D: A Smart Contract-Based Platform for Data Sharing and Rightholder Protection (2023) International Review of Law, Computers & Technology – Int’l. Rev. L. Comp. & Tech. 38(1) 66–85, available at  <>  

  Academic reports and studies

• McCarthy D, Keller P, Quintais J, Szkalej K, Margoni T, Posth S, CommonsDB feasibility study, part 2, European Commission, DG Communications Networks, Content and Technology, 2026; available at  
• Handke C, Kraetzig V, Peukert A, Priem M, Senftleben M, Izyumenko E, Szkalej K, Valk E, Angemessene Vergütung insbesondere im Bereich Streaming und Plattform-Ökonomie/Reform des Vergütungssystems für gesetzlich erlaubte Nutzungen im Urheberrecht, Study for German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJV) DIWEcon 2025; available at <>
• Keller P, McCarthy D, Posth S, Quintais J, Szkalej K, Margoni T, CommonsDB feasibility study, part 1, European Commission, DG Communications Networks, Content and Technology, 2025; available at  
• Szkalej K, Senftleben M., Mapping the Impact of Share Alike/Copyleft Licensing on Machine Learning and Generative AI, Institute for Information Law (IViR), University of Amsterdam, 12.06.2024; available at <> 
• Senftleben M, Margoni T, Poort J, Szkalej K, Valk E, Music Metadata Mainstreaming and EU Law (Policy Brief) 2024, OpenMusE, European Commission; available at <>
• Stančiauskas V et al., Study to evaluate the effects of the EU copyright framework on research and the effects of potential interventions and to identify and present relevant provisions for research in EU data and digital legislation, with a focus on rights and obligations, European Commission, DG Research and Innovation, 2024; available at <> 
• Szkalej K, National Implementation Report Sweden in Angelopolous C, Articles 15 & 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. Comparative National Implementation Report, Centre for Intellectual Property & Information Law (CIPIL), University of Cambridge 2023

Blog posts and commentaries

• Szkalej K, Private copying levies, broadcasters and the principle of equal treatment – C-260/22 Seven.One Entertainment Group v Corint Media (29.07.2024 Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, Looking for the edge of Article 3 InfoSoc Directive and finding it twice – in a car and in the court (25.11.2020, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, The New Copyright Directive: Article 17 and copyright limitations – picking two cherries and leaving the rest to spoil? Part II (04.11.2019, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, The New Copyright Directive: Article 17 and copyright limitations – picking two cherries and leaving the rest to spoil? Part I (29.10.2019, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, Article 17 DSM Directive: the Swedish proposal (Part 2) (21.04.022, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, Article 17 DSM Directive: the Swedish proposal (Part 1) (20.04.2022, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, The Modern Church of Copyright. A short story of preserving access to humour in Sweden (11.07.2019, Nordic Intellectual Property Law Review)
• Szkalej K, Blocking injunctions against ISPs in Sweden 2.0 beta – the rise of the interim injunction? Part II (26.11.2018, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Szkalej K, Blocking injunctions against ISPs in Sweden 2.0 beta – the rise of the interim injunction? Part I (22.11.2018, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International) 
• Szkalej K, Wolk S, Blocking injunctions against ISPs in Sweden – the Swedish court doesn’t wait for the CJEU (03.01.2017, Kluwer Copyright Blog, Kluwer Law International)
• Wolk S, Szkalej K, Blockeringsförelägganden riktade till internetleverantörer (mars 2017, Blendow Lexnova Expertkommentar - Immaterialrätt, Blendow Lexnova)
• Wolk S, Szkalej K, Överföring till allmänheten och länkning (maj 2015, Blendow Lexnova Expertkommentar – Immaterialrätt,Blendow Lexnova)
• Wolk, Szkalej, Det upphovsrättsliga ny publik-rekvisitet - vad innebär det i praktiken? (april 2014, Blendow Lexnova Expertkommentar - Immaterialrätt, Blendow Lexnova)
• Wolk, Szkalej, Länkning på internet till upphovsrättsligt skyddat material (december 2013, Blendow Lexnova Expertkommentar – Immaterialrätt, Blendow Lexnova)

Other publications (expert consultations, reports, popular scientific material)

• Szkalej K, Yttrande över Ju2025/01727, Privatkopieringsersättning (utkast till lagrådsremiss), AIPPI Sweden, 31 October 2025, available at  
• Szkalej K et al, Study Question Q295 Report Artificial intelligence and copyright in Sweden, AIPPI 2025 
• Szkalej K, Yttrande över Ju2025/00414, Ändrade ersättningsregler för privatkopiering, AIPPI Sweden, 17 April 2025, available at <>
• Szkalej K, Geismar A-G, Hamill-Keays E, Remissyttrande över Ju2024/02104, Ändrade ersättningsregler för användning av musik, AIPPI Sweden, 12 December2024, available at <>
• Szkalej K, Hårdemark W, Remissyttrande över utredningen Inskränkningarna i upphovsrätten (SOU 2024:4), AIPPI Sweden, 27 May 2024, available at <>
• Szkalej K. et. al., Study Question Q291 Report, Defence of parody in copyright law in Sweden, AIPPI 2024
• Szkalej K et. al., Study Question Q286 Report Collecting societies in Sweden, AIPPI 2023
• Maunsbach U, Szkalej K, Lukoseviciene A, Remissyttrande: Privatkopieringsersättningen i framtiden (SOU 2022:20), Dnr V 2022/1214, Lunds universitet, available at <>
• Szkalej K, Wolk S, Remissyttrande över utredningen Privatkopieringsersättningen i framtiden (SOU 2022:20), AIPPI Sweden, available at <>
• Wolk S, Szkalej K, Remiss över EU-kommissionens meddelande – Mot en modernare och mer europeisk ram för upphovsrätten, Jurfak 2016/3, Uppsala universitet, available at <>
• Szkalej K et. al., Report Q251 Linking and making available on the internet in Sweden, AIPPI 2016
• Wolk S, Szkalej K, Public Consultation on the review of the EU copyright rules 2014, Uppsala universitet
• Wolk S et. al., Study Question Q240 Report, Exhaustion issues in copyright law in Sweden, AIPPI 2014
• Wolk S, Szkalej K, ’Lagligt eller olagligt?: Länkning till upphovsrättsligt skyddat material’ (2014) ICC Business World 1(1) 6-7